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1 Virginia
[və'dʒɪnɪə]nome proprio geogr. Virginia f.* * *Virginia /vəˈdʒɪnɪə/n.1 (geogr.) Virginia● a Virginia cigarette, una Virginia □ (bot.) Virginia creeper ( Parthenocissus quinquefolia), vite del CanadaVirginiana. e n.(in USA) virginiano; (abitante) della Virginia.(First names) Virginia /vəˈdʒɪnɪə/f.(Place names) Virginia /vəˈdʒɪnɪə, -jə/* * *[və'dʒɪnɪə]nome proprio geogr. Virginia f. -
2 Virginia
Vir·ginia[vəˈʤɪnjə, AM vɚˈ-]I. n\Virginia creeper Wilder Wein\Virginia tobacco Virginiatabak m* * *[və'dZɪnjə]n(= state) Virginia nt; (= tobacco) Virginia mhe smokes Virginias — er raucht Virginiazigaretten
* * *Virginia cigar Virginia(zigarre) f -
3 Virginia
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4 Virginia
1) Общая лексика: Вирджиния (женское имя)2) Военный термин: восток (кодовое название, так как Вирджиния находится на востоке Америки)3) Сельское хозяйство: Вирджиния (сорт американского крупнолистного табака)4) Юридический термин: штат Вирджиния (Полное официальное название штата — Содружество Вирджиния - Commonwealth of Virginia). (http://www.geo-world.ru/namerica/usa/state/Virginia.html)5) География: Виргиния (штат США), (шт.) Виргиния (США), Виржиния (также Вирджиния и Виргиния) (штат, расположенный на юге США; граничит со штатами Кентукки, Мериленд, Северная Каролина, Теннеси, Западная Вирджиния; площадь — 105586 кв. км; столица — г. Ричмонд)6) Картография: штат Виргиния7) Макаров: виргинский табак, Виргиния (шт.) -
5 Virginia
n. Virginia (stat i USA) -
6 Virginia Beach
• město - USA -
7 Virginia
• štát v USA -
8 West Virginia
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9 West Virginia
West Virginia (stat i USA) -
10 West Virginia
• Západní Virginie• stát v USA -
11 Janney, Eli Hamilton
SUBJECT AREA: Railways and locomotives[br]b. 12 November 1831 Loudoun County, Virginia, USAd. 16 June 1912 Alexandria, Virginia, USA[br]American inventor of buckeye coupling for railway vehicles.[br]Early American railways used link-and-pin couplings, with consequent danger to life and limb of those who had to go between vehicles to couple and uncouple them. Many inventors tried to produce a coupling that would couple automatically and could be uncoupled from the trackside, and Janney was eventually successful in achieving this. He invented his device, which worked like the hooked fingers of two hands, in 1868, and after improvement it was adopted by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1874. Janney formed the Janney Car Coupling Company, but it was not until 1888 that the Master Car Builders' Association made the Janney coupling standard on American railways. Automatic couplings were made compulsory in the USA by the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893.[br]BibliographyJanney took out five US patents for automatic couplings between 1868 and 1882.Further ReadingJ.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 152ö4.PJGR -
12 Appomattox
n. Appomattox, stad i Virginia ( USA); flod i Virginia ( USA) -
13 Gilpin, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Canals[br]b. 18 March 1728 Chester County, Pennsylvania, USAd. 30 April 1778 Winchester, Virginia, USA[br]American manufacturer.[br]Thomas Gilpin belonged to a wealthy Quaker family descended from Joseph Gilpin, who had emigrated from England in 1696. He received little formal education and was mainly self-educated in mathematics, surveying and science, in which subjects he was particularly interested. With estates in Delaware and Maryland, he was involved in farming and manufacturing. He moved to Philadelphia in 1769, which further extended his activities. With his fortune he was able to indulge his interest in science, and he was one of the original members of the American Philosophical Society in 1769. He wrote papers on the wheat fly, the seventeen-year locust and the migration of herrings. It was through this Society that he became friendly with Benjamin Franklin, to whom he wrote on 10 October 1769 setting out his proposals for and advocacy of a canal linking the Elk River on Chesapeake Bay with the Delaware River and Bay, thereby cutting off a long haul of several hundred miles for vessels around Cape Charles with a dangerous passage unto the Atlantic Ocean. Gilpin also invented a hydraulic pump that delighted Franklin very much. Gilpin had visited England in 1768 during the formation of his ideas for the Chesapeake \& Delaware Canal, and probably visited the Bridgewater Canal while there. Despite his pressing advocacy the canal had to wait until after his death, but later his son Joshua, a director from 1803 to 1824, saw the canal through many difficulties although he had resigned before the official opening in 1829. At the outbreak of the American War of Independence, in 1777, Gilpin, together with other Quakers, was arrested in Philadelphia owing to suspicions of his loyalty on the grounds that as a Quaker he refused to sign the Oath of Allegiance. He was later exiled to Winchester, Virginia, where he died in April 1778.[br]Further Reading1925, "Memoir of Thomas Gilpin", Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography.R.D.Gray, 1967, The National Waterway: A History of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 1769–1985, Urbana: Illinois University Press.JHB -
14 Owens, Michael Joseph
[br]b. 1 January 1859 Mason County, Virginia, USAd. 27 December 1923 Toledo, Ohio, USA[br]American inventor of the automatic glass bottle making machine.[br]To assist the finances of a coal miner's family, Owens entered a glassworks at Wheeling, Virginia, at the tender age of 10, stoking coal into the "glory hole" or furnace where glass was resoftened at various stages of the hand-forming process. By the age of 15 he had become a glassblower.In 1888 Owens moved to the glassworks of Edward Drummond Libbey at Toledo, Ohio, where within three months he was appointed Superintendent and, not long after, a branch manager. In 1893 Owens supervised the company's famous exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago. He had by then begun experiments that were to lead to the first automatic bottle-blowing machine. He first used a piston pump to suck molten glass into a mould, and then transferred the gathered glass over another mould into which the bottle was blown by reversing the pump. The first patents were taken out in 1895, followed by others incorporating improvements and culminating in the patent of 8 November 1904 for an essentially perfected machine. Eventually it was capable of producing four bottles a second, thus effecting a revolution in bottle making. Owens, with Libbey and others, set up the Owens Bottle Machine Company in 1903, which Owens himself managed from 1915 to 1919, becoming Vice-President from 1915 until his death. A plant was also established in Manchester in 1905.Besides this, Owens and Libbey first assisted Irving W.Colburn with his experiments on the continuous drawing of flat sheet glass and then in 1912 bought the patents, forming the Owens-Libbey Sheet Glass Company. In all, Owens was granted forty-five US patents, mainly relating to the manufacture and processing of glass. Owens's undoubted inventive genius was hampered by a lack of scientific knowledge, which he made good by judicious consultation.[br]Further Reading1923, Michael J.Owens (privately printed) (a series of memorial articles reprinted from various sources).G.S.Duncan, 1960, Bibliography of Glass, Sheffield: Society of Glass Manufacturers (cites references to Owens's papers and patents).LRD -
15 Taylor, David Watson
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 4 March 1864 Louisa County, Virginia, USAd. 29 July 1940 Washington, DC, USA[br]American hydrodynamicist and Rear Admiral in the United States Navy Construction Corps.[br]Taylor's first years were spent on a farm in Virginia, but at the age of 13 he went to RandolphMacon College, graduating in 1881, and from there to the US Naval Academy, Annapolis. He graduated at the head of his class, had some sea time, and then went to the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, England, where in 1888 he again came top of the class with the highest-ever marks of any student, British or overseas.On his return to the United States he held various posts as a constructor, ending this period at the Mare Island Navy Yard in California. In 1894 he was transferred to Washington, where he joined the Bureau of Construction and started to interest the Navy in ship model testing. Under his direction, the first ship model tank in the United States was built at Washington and for fourteen years operated under his control. The work of this establishment gave him the necessary information to write the highly acclaimed text The Speed and Power of Ships, which with revisions is still in use. By the outbreak of the First World War he was one of the world's most respected naval architects, and had been retained as a consultant by the British Government in the celebrated case of the collision between the White Star Liner Olympic and HMS Hawke.In December 1914 Taylor became a Rear-Admiral and was appointed Chief Constructor of the US Navy. His term of office was extremely stressful, with over 1,000 ships constructed for the war effort and with the work of the fledgling Bureau for Aeronautics also under his control. The problems were not over in 1918 as the Washington Treaty required drastic pruning of the Navy and a careful reshaping of the defence force.Admiral Taylor retired from active service at the beginning of 1923 but retained several consultancies in aeronautics, shipping and naval architecture. For many years he served as consultant to the ship-design company now known as Gibbs and Cox. Many honours came his way, but the most singular must be the perpetuation of his name in the David Taylor Medal, the highest award of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers in the United States. Similarly, the Navy named its ship test tank facility, which was opened in Maryland in 1937, the David W. Taylor Model Basin.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 1925–7. United States Distinguished Service Medal. American Society of Civil Engineers John Fritz Medal. Institution of Naval Architects Gold Medal 1894 (the first American citizen to receive it). Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers David W.Taylor Medal 1936 (the first occasion of this award).BibliographyResistance of Ships and Screw Propulsion. 1911, The Speed and Power of Ships, New York: Wiley.Taylor gave many papers to the Maritime Institutions of both the United States and the United Kingdom.FMW -
16 ORF
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Open Reading Frames in DNA sequences2) Биология: open reading frame3) Военный термин: Official Representation Fund, officers' recreation facility, operational readiness float, overhaul replacement factor4) Техника: orbiter radio occultation5) Грубое выражение: Old Retired Fart6) Вычислительная техника: Original Release Format7) Генетика: открытая рамка считывания (последовательность нуклеотидов мРНК, не содержащая терминирующих кодонов; потенциально может быть транслирована в полипептидную цепь)8) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: oil recovery, oil recovery efficiency9) Сахалин Р: oil recovery factor10) Океанография: Oceanic Resource Foundation11) Аэропорты: Norfolk International Airport, Norfolk/ Virginia Beach/ Williamsburg, Virginia USA -
17 ROA
1) Американизм: Radio Operators Authorization2) Военный термин: Radio Operator Authorization, Reserve Officers Association, Retired Officers' Association4) Бухгалтерия: Return On Average, return on assets, прибыль на общую сумму активов (return on assets), фондорентабельность (return on assets)5) Финансы: экономическая рентабельность6) Сокращение: Roanoke, Virginia abbreviation (in 2003 USPS ink jet printer test cancellation), Romance (Other)7) Университет: Red Oak Academies8) Физиология: Right Occiput Anterior9) Транспорт: Riders Of Apocalypse10) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: reduction of area11) Макаров: оптическая активность в колебательных спектрах КР12) Аэропорты: Roanoke, Virginia USA -
18 RoA
1) Американизм: Radio Operators Authorization2) Военный термин: Radio Operator Authorization, Reserve Officers Association, Retired Officers' Association4) Бухгалтерия: Return On Average, return on assets, прибыль на общую сумму активов (return on assets), фондорентабельность (return on assets)5) Финансы: экономическая рентабельность6) Сокращение: Roanoke, Virginia abbreviation (in 2003 USPS ink jet printer test cancellation), Romance (Other)7) Университет: Red Oak Academies8) Физиология: Right Occiput Anterior9) Транспорт: Riders Of Apocalypse10) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: reduction of area11) Макаров: оптическая активность в колебательных спектрах КР12) Аэропорты: Roanoke, Virginia USA -
19 orf
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Open Reading Frames in DNA sequences2) Биология: open reading frame3) Военный термин: Official Representation Fund, officers' recreation facility, operational readiness float, overhaul replacement factor4) Техника: orbiter radio occultation5) Грубое выражение: Old Retired Fart6) Вычислительная техника: Original Release Format7) Генетика: открытая рамка считывания (последовательность нуклеотидов мРНК, не содержащая терминирующих кодонов; потенциально может быть транслирована в полипептидную цепь)8) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: oil recovery, oil recovery efficiency9) Сахалин Р: oil recovery factor10) Океанография: Oceanic Resource Foundation11) Аэропорты: Norfolk International Airport, Norfolk/ Virginia Beach/ Williamsburg, Virginia USA -
20 roa
1) Американизм: Radio Operators Authorization2) Военный термин: Radio Operator Authorization, Reserve Officers Association, Retired Officers' Association4) Бухгалтерия: Return On Average, return on assets, прибыль на общую сумму активов (return on assets), фондорентабельность (return on assets)5) Финансы: экономическая рентабельность6) Сокращение: Roanoke, Virginia abbreviation (in 2003 USPS ink jet printer test cancellation), Romance (Other)7) Университет: Red Oak Academies8) Физиология: Right Occiput Anterior9) Транспорт: Riders Of Apocalypse10) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: reduction of area11) Макаров: оптическая активность в колебательных спектрах КР12) Аэропорты: Roanoke, Virginia USA
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